At SPG-India 2025 in Jaipur, top officials demand bold, time-bound, and AI-powered exploration strategies to unlock India’s vast untapped hydrocarbon basins and reduce 85%+ import dependency by 2040.

Overview: A National Imperative for Energy Atmanirbharta

On October 26, 2025, the pink city of Jaipur became the epicenter of India’s energy future as the 15th Biennial International Conference and Exposition of the Society of Petroleum Geophysicists (SPG-India) commenced with a clarion call: accelerate oil and gas exploration like never before.

Under the theme “Rock to Cloud: Geo-Exploration Empowering Energy Evolution”, the three-day event—inaugurated by Pankaj Jain, IAS, Secretary, Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas (MoPNG)—brought together over 2,000 geoscientists, policymakers, industry captains, and global technology providers to chart a high-velocity roadmap for India’s hydrocarbon sector.

With India’s crude oil import bill hovering between $100–120 billion annually and domestic production stagnating at ~30 million metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA) against a consumption of 239.2 MMTPA in FY25, the message was unambiguous: incremental progress is no longer an option.

“India can no longer afford incremental progress. We need bold, time-bound exploration strategies that blend scientific rigor with commercial vision.”
— Pankaj Jain, Secretary, MoPNG

This article provides an exhaustive, publication-ready analysis of the SPG-India 2025 outcomes, government policy alignment, technological breakthroughs, regional basin potential, investment pipelines, sustainability integration, and the geopolitical undercurrents shaping India’s upstream renaissance.

SPG-India 2025: Key Moments, Speeches & Awards

1. Inaugural Address: Pankaj Jain’s “Time-Bound Exploration” Mandate

The Secretary’s keynote was a strategic blueprint. He revealed that only 48% of India’s 3.4 million sq. km sedimentary basins have been appraised, leaving ~1.8 million sq. km in Category II and III basins unexplored. He linked exploration acceleration to three national missions:

• National Deepwater Mission (NDM): Target 100% basin appraisal by 2025.
• India Hydrocarbon Vision 2030: Reduce import dependency to 67% by 2030.
• Atmanirbhar Bharat: Localize 70% of upstream technology stack by 2028.

2. ONGC & OIL Leadership: Technology as the Great Enabler

Arun Kumar Singh, Chairman & CEO, ONGC, inaugurated the exposition and announced:

• ONGC drilled 45+ exploration and development wells in H1 2025.
• Investment of ₹12,000 crore in AI seismic reprocessing of legacy data.
• New Andaman Deepwater Block AN-OSS-2025/1 with estimated 3–5 TCF gas potential.

Dr. Ranjit Rath, CMD, OIL, emphasized the “Rock to Cloud” paradigm:

“From physical rock samples to cloud-based neural networks—we are digitizing the entire exploration value chain.”

3. Awards & Knowledge Dissemination

• B.S. Negi Convention Gold Medal → G.C. Katiyar (for lifetime contribution to ONGC exploration)
• Release of GEOHORIZONS Special Issue on AI in Geophysics
• Launch of SPG Digital Knowledge Repository (open-access for academia)

India’s Hydrocarbon Resource Base: The Untapped Trillion-Dollar Prize

Source: DGH India Hydrocarbon Assessment 2025

High-Potential Frontier Basins

• Andaman Sea: 3D seismic reveals Guyana-like turbidite fans; ONGC plans 7 wells in 2026–28.
• Kutch Offshore: Mesozoic play fairways; Vedanta-ONGC JV awarded in OALP-X.
• Mahanadi Deepwater: Gas hydrate potential; NGRI pilot in 2027.
• Kerala-Konkan: Pre-Cambrian source rocks; unexplored 400,000 sq. km.

Government Policy Arsenal: From HELP to OALP-X

Key Reforms Since 2016

1. HELP (2016): Revenue sharing, single license for oil & gas, open acreage.
2. NDR (2017): National Data Repository with 1.2 petabytes of seismic data.
3. Marketing & Pricing Freedom (2020): 100% for new gas discoveries.
4. Dispute Resolution via Arbitration (2023): Reduced litigation backlog by 68%.
5. Strategic Petroleum Reserves Phase II (2025): 12 MMT capacity by 2028.

Investment Inflows

• FDI in Petroleum & Natural Gas: ₹5,597 crore (Apr 2000 – Sep 2024)
• Projected Upstream Capex (2025–2030): $100 billion
• Gas Infrastructure Plan: $67 billion (pipelines, LNG, CGD)

Technology Revolution: From Seismic to AI-Cloud Platforms

1. AI & Machine Learning in Seismic Interpretation

ONGC’s SeisAI platform reduced fault picking time from 6 months to 11 days in KG Basin. Uses convolutional neural networks trained on 35 years of legacy data.

2. Cloud-Based Collaborative Workflows

SPG launched GeoCloud India—a secure AWS-GovCloud instance allowing real-time collaboration between DGH, ONGC, and IOC.

3. Subsea & Drilling Innovations

• Halliburton’s iEnergy Stack deployed in 12 ONGC rigs → 22% ROP improvement.
• Schlumberger’s Deepwater 4.0 autonomous drilling in Andaman → 18% cost reduction.

4. Carbon Capture in EOR

OIL’s pilot in Assam injects 40,000 tons CO₂/year → 12% incremental recovery + net-zero alignment.

Sustainability & Energy Transition: Exploration in a Net-Zero World

ONGC’s Net-Zero 2040 Roadmap includes:

• 100% renewable-powered rigs by 2035
• SAF production from algae in Rajasthan
• Hydrogen blending in city gas networks

Geopolitical & Economic Implications

• Import Bill Reduction: 10% increase in domestic production = $12–15 billion annual savings.
• Currency Stability: Lower CAD pressure on INR.
• Job Creation: Every 1 MMTOE discovery → 8,000 direct jobs.
• Global Influence: India as a refining + exploration hub in Indo-Pacific.

Roadmap to 2030: Actionable Recommendations

1. Fast-Track OALP-X Awards: Complete bidding by Q1 2026.
2. AI Exploration Centers of Excellence: In IIT Madras, ISM Dhanbad, RGIPT Raebareli.
3. Deepwater Risk-Sharing JV: ONGC-Exxon-BP consortium for Andaman.
4. Tax Holiday Extension: 15 years for Category III basins.
5. Local Content Mandate: 70% indigenization in seismic vessels by 2030.